OSNA

                                                                जय श्री राम INDIA PAKISTAN WAR 1947-48 [ THE FIRST KASHMIR WAR] Major Events- • Operation Gulmarg was planned by Pakistanis to attack the princely state of Kashmir. • Armed tribesmen of Pakistan invaded Kashmir. • Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir executed the IoA (Instrument of Accession). • Operation Kipper, Operation Vijay, Operation Easy and Operation Bison by India. • 2/3rd of J&K became the part of India and remaining was annexed by Pakistan. Introduction- • On Aug 28 1947, Major Omkar Singh Kalkat of the British Indian Army was serving as Brigade Major in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) in Pakistan. • While his CO Brigadier Murray was away, Major Kalkat received an envelope marked as top secret on Murray’s behalf. • He read that letter and got to know about the Operation Gulmarg. • He called Murray and Murray warned him not to speak any word or he would be dead. • Then, Kalkat was placed un

India-China War 1962 ( Sino-Indian War ) Points to keep in mind -  INDIA 1. Prime Minister - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 2. Defence Minister  - V. K. Krishna Menon 3. Ruling Party - INC CHINA 1. President of China - Mao Zedong 2. Chinese Premier ( In-charge of Govt. ) - Zhou Enlai 3. Ruling Party - Communist Party of China STORY India got independence on 15th August in the year of 1947. China was again born in the year 1949, when the communist party of China won the Civil war. Mao Zedong became the President of New China and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first prime minister of New and Independent India. Initially there was no conflict between them as both the countries were new and had suffered a lot due to British imperialism. In 1954, Nehru went to Beijing on a visit, he was nicely welcomed, he was warmly welcomed, both the leaders talked to each other for about 4 hours. "Hindi-Chini Bhai Bhai" was popularised by Nehru. Both the countries at the same mindset that they wou